Structure Of Shock Absorber

The structure of shock absorber is that the piston rod with piston is inserted into the cylinder, and the cylinder is filled with oil. There is a throttle hole on the piston, so that the oil in the two parts of the space separated by the piston can complement each other. Damping is generated when the viscous oil passes through the throttle hole. The smaller the throttle hole, the greater the damping force. The greater the viscosity of the oil, the greater the damping force. If the size of the throttle hole remains unchanged, when the shock absorber works at a fast speed, excessive damping will affect the absorption of impact. Therefore, a disc-shaped leaf spring valve is set at the outlet of the throttle hole. When the pressure increases, the valve is pushed open, the throttle hole opening increases, and the damping decreases. Since the piston moves in both directions, leaf spring valves are installed on both sides of the piston, which are called compression valves and extension valves respectively.
Shock absorbers are divided into single-tube and double-tube according to their structure. They can be further divided into: 1. Single-tube gas shock absorber; 2. Double-tube oil shock absorber; 3. Double-tube oil-gas shock absorber.
Double-tube type
The shock absorber has two cylinders, an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder. The piston moves in the inner cylinder. As the piston rod moves in and out, the volume of the oil in the inner cylinder increases and decreases accordingly. Therefore, the oil in the inner cylinder must be exchanged with the outer cylinder to maintain the balance of the oil in the inner cylinder. Therefore, there must be four valves in the double-tube shock absorber. In addition to the two throttle valves on the piston mentioned above, there are also flow valves and compensation valves installed between the inner and outer cylinders to complete the exchange function. [2]
Single-tube type
Compared with the double-tube type, the single-tube shock absorber has a simpler structure and reduces a set of valve systems. It has a floating piston installed at the bottom of the cylinder (the so-called floating means that there is no piston rod to control its movement). A closed air chamber is formed under the floating piston and is filled with high-pressure nitrogen. The above-mentioned changes in the liquid level caused by the piston rod entering and exiting the oil are automatically adapted to by the floating of the floating piston. In addition to the two shock absorbers mentioned above, there is also a resistance-adjustable shock absorber. The size of the throttle hole can be changed by external operation. Recent cars have electronically controlled shock absorbers as standard equipment. The driving status is detected by sensors, and the computer calculates the optimal damping force, which automatically activates the damping force adjustment mechanism on the shock absorber.